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http://www.volcano.si.edu/reports/usgs/10_year/index.cfm
The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report (WVAR) is an online summary of global volcanic activity that has been prepared on a weekly basis for the past 10 years, written for both scientists and non-scientists alike. It is posted online and viewed on average over 35,000 times every week, and emailed to nearly 3,500 volcano scientists around the world. To date, there have been reports on 220 volcanoes.
Editor’s Picks: Weekly Report excerpts from interesting or noteworthy events during the previous 10 years
On 5 November the bodies of two hikers who died on 3 November were found on Kilauea. According to an Associated Press article, a National Park Service Ranger stated that the hikers suffered severe burns, cuts, and abrasions. Authorities believed the hikers may have bypassed warning signs and hiked beyond the recommended area. The cause of their deaths was not known as of 7 November, but it was thought that they may have been struck by lightning or scalded by lava-heated sea water while they were on the active bench (land built out from the sea cliff).
Kilauea view from E of E Kupapa`u ocean entry at dusk on 10 July 2001.
Residents of Goma were evacuated after the eruption was underway. Reports of the number of deaths and injuries vary; most reports state ~45 people died, possibly as a result of remaining in their homes which burned or collapsed. In addition, 50-100 people were killed when hot lava caused gas station tanks to explode at 0830 on 21 January. A total of ~400 people suffered from injuries including burns. Beginning around 19 January many Goma residents returned to the city; field reports from USAID/OFDA staff stated that on the morning of the 20th more than 15,000 people per hour returned, while only 3,000 people per hour fled the city. By the 21st there were ~12,000 homeless families in Goma.
Large gas plume blowing E from the summit of Nyiragongo, 1 April 2009, as seen from Goma.
A short time after the volcano started to erupt, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) flying on the OrbView-2 satellite captured an image showing a thick cloud of ash and steam fanning out W of the volcano, with a smaller, slightly darker plume blowing S. This darker plume may be more ash-rich than the larger plume, or it may be smoke from fires ignited by lava flows.
A 2002 International Space Station photograph of Fernandina, looking obliquely towards the E (N is towards the left). Labels show key features developed in 1995, 1981, and 1968 eruptions. Note the island's coastline in the lower-right corner and along much of the left margin. Despite the steep walls bounding the 850 m deep, 5 x 6.5 km central caldera, it supports both animal and plant populations.
According to news reports, after the Alert Level was raised to 4 on 13 May, about 4,500 people living near the volcano were evacuated. Intense activity occurred on 15 May, with pyroclastic flows traveling as far as 4 km to the W. By 16 May a total of about 22,000 people were evacuated; according to figures posted at the district disaster task force center about 16,870 people were evacuated from three districts in Central Java Province, and more than 5,600 others were evacuated from the Slemen district, a part of Yogyakarta Province.
A Merapi pyroclastic flow in its early stages as seen at 08:50:53 on 10 June 2006.
Lava entering the ocean at Jebel at Tair, 2 Oct. 2007. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Vincent Street.
The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report (WVAR) is an online summary of global volcanic activity that has been prepared on a weekly basis for the past 10 years, written for both scientists and non-scientists alike. It is posted online and viewed on average over 35,000 times every week, and emailed to nearly 3,500 volcano scientists around the world. To date, there have been reports on 220 volcanoes.
Editor’s Picks: Weekly Report excerpts from interesting or noteworthy events during the previous 10 years
Kilauea (2000) Coverage of activity extends back to 1968 during the first year of the Center for Short-Lived Phenomena. Kilauea was featured in the first Weekly Report in 2000, and has been covered every week since then, except for three! Kilauea is simply an amazing and accessible volcano with a rich history of awe-inspiring eruptions spanning decades.
1-7 November 2000
The HVO reported that lava continued to enter the ocean at the Kamokuna entry as it has since late September 2000. Surface lava flows were visible sporadically through the week. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o vent was moderate and earthquake activity was low across the island. Tilt measured at Kilauea's summit was rather flat, as it was elsewhere along the E rift zone, continuing the long-term slow deflation underway since the eruption began in 1983.On 5 November the bodies of two hikers who died on 3 November were found on Kilauea. According to an Associated Press article, a National Park Service Ranger stated that the hikers suffered severe burns, cuts, and abrasions. Authorities believed the hikers may have bypassed warning signs and hiked beyond the recommended area. The cause of their deaths was not known as of 7 November, but it was thought that they may have been struck by lightning or scalded by lava-heated sea water while they were on the active bench (land built out from the sea cliff).
Kilauea view from E of E Kupapa`u ocean entry at dusk on 10 July 2001.
Nyiragongo (2002) One of Africa's most notable volcanoes, and contained a lava lake in its deep summit crater that was active for half a century before draining catastrophically through its outer flanks in 1977. Another eruption in 2002 produced lava flows that covered much of the city of Goma and led to the evacuation of ~400,000 people.
16-22 January 2002
According to reports from news and government agencies, the eruption at Nyiragongo that began on 17 January appeared to have stopped by 21 January. During the eruption lava flowed from fissures on the volcano's S and E flanks, moving towards the S. Lava flows cut directly through the city of Goma (~10 km S of the volcano) and continued onward to enter Lake Kivu. A 100-m-wide delta formed where lava entered the lake. Various reports estimated that lava flows had destroyed 25-75% of the city including ~10,000 homes. The buildings at the Goma airport remained intact, but lava covered ~80% of the airstrip rendering the airport inoperable.Residents of Goma were evacuated after the eruption was underway. Reports of the number of deaths and injuries vary; most reports state ~45 people died, possibly as a result of remaining in their homes which burned or collapsed. In addition, 50-100 people were killed when hot lava caused gas station tanks to explode at 0830 on 21 January. A total of ~400 people suffered from injuries including burns. Beginning around 19 January many Goma residents returned to the city; field reports from USAID/OFDA staff stated that on the morning of the 20th more than 15,000 people per hour returned, while only 3,000 people per hour fled the city. By the 21st there were ~12,000 homeless families in Goma.
Large gas plume blowing E from the summit of Nyiragongo, 1 April 2009, as seen from Goma.
Fernandina (2005) Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes and the one closest to the Galápagos mantle plume, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 5 x 6.5 km summit caldera. Collapse of a nearly 1 cu km section of the east caldera wall during an eruption in 1988 produced a debris-avalanche deposit that covered much of the caldera floor and absorbed the caldera lake. Fissure eruptions were noted in 2005 and 2009.
11-17 May 2005
On 13 May the Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS) received news that Fernandina, an island volcano in the Galápagos, had begun erupting that morning. Satellite photos showed a large cloud extending to the NW. The first flow seems to have occurred more or less where the last eruption started in 1995, high on the SW slope, but from a circumferential fissure near the rim. The fissure itself could not be seen owing to the cloud on the rim, but map analysis suggests that the fissure was about 4.5 km long around the rim or just below it, with the first flows emanating from the W part of the fissure, and the latest flows from the E part. The flows descended the steepest part of the slopes quickly, and ponded on the gentler outer skirt of the island. The closest point that the lava had approached the sea on the 14th was 5.5 km from the coast. Lava passing through vegetated areas has caused small fires, but these have not spread far from the lava tongues themselves before going out. Most of the new flows have passed over unvegetated older lava.A short time after the volcano started to erupt, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) flying on the OrbView-2 satellite captured an image showing a thick cloud of ash and steam fanning out W of the volcano, with a smaller, slightly darker plume blowing S. This darker plume may be more ash-rich than the larger plume, or it may be smoke from fires ignited by lava flows.
A 2002 International Space Station photograph of Fernandina, looking obliquely towards the E (N is towards the left). Labels show key features developed in 1995, 1981, and 1968 eruptions. Note the island's coastline in the lower-right corner and along much of the left margin. Despite the steep walls bounding the 850 m deep, 5 x 6.5 km central caldera, it supports both animal and plant populations.
Merapi (2006) One of Indonesia's most active volcanoes and lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas. Merapi dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta, 30 km SSW. An eruption in 2006 caused an evacuation of about 22,000 people.
10-16 May 2006
CVGHM reported that on 11 May, gas plumes rose to ~600 m above Merapi (or 11,600 ft a.s.l.). Avalanches of incandescent material extended 200 m SE towards the Gendol River, and 1.5 km SW towards the Krasak River. Several small incandescent avalanches of volcanic material were visible from observatory posts. The new lava dome at the volcano's summit had grown to fill the gap between the 2001 lava flows and the 1997 lava flows on the W side of the summit. The lava dome reached a height above that of the 1997 lava flows.According to news reports, after the Alert Level was raised to 4 on 13 May, about 4,500 people living near the volcano were evacuated. Intense activity occurred on 15 May, with pyroclastic flows traveling as far as 4 km to the W. By 16 May a total of about 22,000 people were evacuated; according to figures posted at the district disaster task force center about 16,870 people were evacuated from three districts in Central Java Province, and more than 5,600 others were evacuated from the Slemen district, a part of Yogyakarta Province.
A Merapi pyroclastic flow in its early stages as seen at 08:50:53 on 10 June 2006.
Jebel at Tair (2007) Explosive eruptions were reported in the 18th and 19th centuries. An eruption that began on the afternoon of 30 September 2007 from Jebel at Tair sent lava flows across the NE part of the 2 x 3 km island to the sea, and resulted in fatalities among Yemen military personnel.
26 September-2 October 2007
According to news reports, an eruption from the Jebel at Tair volcano was observed from several passing NATO ships on the evening of 30 September. Witnesses described a fissure eruption that produced lava fountains approximately 100 m high and ash plumes to a height of 300 m (1,000 ft) a.s.l. Multiple 1-km-long lava flows descended to the sea and a large landslide occurred on the W part of the island. Activity continued for at least two days. The eruption prompted Yemeni authorities to evacuate about 50 soldiers from a military base on the island. A news article on 2 October reported that the Yemeni authorities lowered the death toll to three.
Lava entering the ocean at Jebel at Tair, 2 Oct. 2007. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Vincent Street.
